2-Ethylhexylamine

Product Identification:

Synonyms                                          : 1-amino-2ethylhexane

CAS No.                                             : 104-75-6

Molecular Weight                             : 129.24 g/mol

Molecular Formula                          : C₈H₁₉N

2-Ethylhexylamine is colourless liquid with a strong ammonia odour. It is a flammable but stable chemical with a 140 ⁰ F flash point and is often utilized by chemical industriesin the Middle East for the preparation of other chemicals. 2-Ethylhexylamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents; which is why it may also be unsuited with halogenated organics, epoxides, anhydries and acid halides as well. It is sensitive when exposed to the atmosphere for long periods.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Purity                                                 : 99.0% min

Appearance                                       : clear liquid

Color (APHA)                                    : 30 max

Moisture                                            : 0.5 max

Odor                                                   : ammonia odor

Boiling Point                                     : 169 ⁰C @ 760 mmHg

Freezing/ Meting Point                    : -76 ⁰C

Application:

2-Ethylhexylamine is used as an intermediate to manufacture agricultural chemicals, rubber chemicals, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, polymerization auxiliaries, plastic additives, dyes, insecticides, flotation agents, corrosion inhibitors, paint additives, detergents, fuel additives, and lubricant additives.

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Tri-n-Hexyl Aluminum

Product Identification: Tri-n-hexylaluminum

Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₉Al

Molecular Weight: 282.47 gram/mole

CAS No. : 1116-73-0

Tri-n-Hexyl Aluminum is a commercial product available as the neat pyrophoric liquid and as pyrophoric solutions in a variety of hydrocarbon solvents. Tri-n-Hexyl Aluminum can be used as a constituent of Ziegler-Natta catalyst for manufacturing polymers.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Characteristics:

Appearance                                       : clear, colorless to pale amber liquid

Density (30⁰C), g/ml                         : 0.821

Viscosity(30⁰C), mPa•s                    : 12.6

Boiling Point (0.001 mmHg), ⁰C     : 105

Stability to air                                   : may ignite upon exposure to air

Stability to water                             : reacts violently with water

Composition:

Tri-n-hexylaluminum, %                 : 94 min.

Triisobutylaluminum, %                  : 2.5 max.

Hydride, as( AlH₃)n, %                    : 0.8 max.

Hexene-1,%                                       : 2.0 max.

Aluminum                                          : 22.5 min.

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Ethylene Glycol

Product Identification:

Synonyms:  1,2 Ethanediol; glycol; 1,2-Dihydroxyethane; Ethylene Alcohol; Ethylene Dihydrate

CAS No.: 107-21-1

Molecular Weight: 62.07 g/mol

Molecular Formula: C₂H₆O₂

Produced by a non-catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide and water at an elevated temperature, Ethylene Glycol is an organic compound; widely used as an automotive anti-freeze and also used in the industry for the manufacture of polyester fibre and films. It was initially produced as a substitute for glycerol which was used in the manufacturing of explosives. In appearance it is a colourless and an odourless liquid which is hygroscopic in nature and hence completely miscible with many other liquids. It has a relatively shorter lifespan after being exposed because it breaks down easily after being used for any application in an open environment in about 10 days to a couple of weeks. Ethylene glycol when produced is often purified in purification columns to separate mono, di and triethylene glycols, meeting the product specifications.

Physical / Chemical Properties:

Ethylene Glycol                    : 99 – 100%

Appearance                           : Clear, oily liquid

Odor                                       : Odorless

Solubility                               : miscible in water

Specific Gravity (20/20°C)   : 1.1153

Normal Freezing Point        : -13⁰C

Normal Boiling Point           : 197.6⁰C

Vapor Density (air = 1)        : 2.1

Vapor Pressure at 20°C     : 0.06 mm Hg

Applications:

87% of Ethylene Glycol produced today is used to make Polyethylene Terephthalate melt which as of 2010 has a global consumption of approximately 54 million tons. It has also been used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins, textile softeners, plasticisers etc.

Its second most important use is as a coolant and a heat transfer agent where it has successfully been used in automotive antifreeze and coolants and more importantly in cooling systems, from standard cooling systems to large geothermal systems as a liquid used to transport heat with the help of heat pumps.

Minor uses of ethylene glycol include the manufacture of capacitors, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,4-dioxane, and as an additive to prevent corrosion in liquid cooling systems for personal computers.

Ethylene Glycol has also been used as a solvent coupler as a stabilizer against gel formation.

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A Note On Diethanolamine

Product Identification:

Chemical Name: Diethanolamine

Molecular Formula: C₄H₁₁NO₂

Molecular Weight: 105.14 g/mol

CAS No.: 114-42-2

EINECS No.: 203-868-0

Diethanolamine also known as DEA is an organic compound which is produced by a reaction of ethanolamine; introduced to a second and third equivalent of ethylene oxide. It is a clear, hygroscopic liquid under the required conditions. When exposed to normal temperature it turns into a colourless and transparent solid, with a slight ammonia odor. Miscible with water, it is strongly hygroscopic which is why amides prepared from Diethanolamine are habitually also hygroscopic.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Boiling Point                          : 268 ⁰C

Melting Point                          : 27 – 30 ⁰C    

Flash Point                             : 179 ⁰C

Ignition temperature              : 516 ⁰C

Relative density (water = 1)  : 1.094 at 20⁰C

Solubility                                 : Easily soluble in cold water, hot water

Technical Index

Diethanolamine                    : 99.0% min.

MEA                                       : 0.6% max.

TEA                                        : 0.8% max.

Water content                        : 0.1% max.

Color, Pt/Co                          : 15 max.

Relative density, 30/20⁰C    : 1.090 – 1.094

Uses and Applications:

Diethanolamine in the industry is often used as a surfactant and a corrosion inhibitor and is also used to remove carbondioxide from natural gas. It is used to remove hydrogen sulphide from various process gases in oil refineries, while also being utilized as a surface-active agent in metal-cutting fluids and oils. Diethanolamine has also been used as a dispersant in agricultural chemical formulations.

In cosmetics, the concentration of diethanolamine may range from 1 to 25 percent while also being commonly used in soaps as emulsifiers, thickeners and wetting agents.

Diethanolamine is also used in the manufacturing of adhesives, antistatic agents, cement and concrete work, while being used in coatings, electroplating as well as fuel-gelling agent.

Storage:

Diethanolamine can be stored in carbon steel or aluminium tanks with the help of steel pipes and pumps but the material should however be in an anhydrous state to prevent corrosion to the equipment. It is a chemical that undergoes moderate bio degredation which means it is not persistent in the environment.

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Article for Dewaxing Filter

Application: 

• Equipment used to produce dewaxed oils and slack waxes

• In Lube Oil manufacturing, the function is to separate the Raffinate from Furfural unit into wax and oil.

Eimco-KCP solvent oil dewaxing filters are designed for the safe, high capacity removal of wax from lubricating oils at low operating temperatures. Positive seal of the valve, rigid support construction of the tank, screen support deck construction and spring mounted Teflon scraper which maintains preset position and is not affected by temperature variations are major features. These units can be instrumented and automated for continuous processing.

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Credit: Eimco-KCP 

Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) An Effective Product In The Sulfiding Process

Product Identification:
Chemical Formula : C2H6S2
CAS# : 624-92-0
Molecular Weight : 94.2 g/mole

Physical and Chemical Properties:
Physical State                      : Light yellow liquid with stimulate odor
Density (20/40C)                : 1.062
Purity, wt%                         : 99.0 min.
Sulfur Content, wt%           : 68.1 ± 0.5
Moisture, %                        : 0.06 max.
Methyl Mercaptan, %          : 0.05 max.
Cloud Point, 0C                  : ≤ -5
Flash Point, 0C                   : 16
Boiling Point, 0C                : 108 – 1100C
Refractive Index                 : 1.526 (200C), 1.508 (300C)
Solubility                            : Slightly soluble in water - 2.500 ppm at 200C
Soluble in light alcohols, ethers, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

Dimethyl Disulfide is a stable pale yellow liquid which works as an effective product in the sulfiding process because of its high sulphur content. It is soon becoming the sulfiding industry’s sulfiding reagent of choice because it offers more sulphur per pound of reagent when compared to its nearest competitor Dimethyl Sulfide.

The uses of Dimethyl Disulfide in the industry are many and vaired according to the application it is used in. It is used in the preparation of Para (methylthio) phenol which is the title compound used in the production of various pesticides by reacting the dimethyl disulfide and chlorine with borontriflouride phenolate. Thiophene and dimethyl disulfide are blended with combustible hydrocarbon fuel gas to impart a gassy odor to the fuel gas. Dimethyl disulfide is used in each of these patents as a sulfiding reagent to control catalyst activity. The sulfide is used to either pretreat the catalyst or is fed in dilute amounts on to the catalyst bed with the reactants. Ortho (methylthio) phenol is produced from the reaction of dimethyl disulfide and phenol in the presence of aluminum phenoxide. Dimethyl disulfide is used as a sulfur donor in the presence of a variety of reagents to produce the intermediate methyl thionophosphoric acid dichlorides. Dimethyl disulfide is used to alpha substitute 2-methylfuran-acrolein to produce a food stuff used inconcentrations from 0.02 ppm up to 50 ppm. Dimethyl Disulfide also works as an effective product for operators in the petrochemicals industry who must protect their steam-cracking coils against the formation of coke and carbon monoxide.

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Normal Pentane And Its Industrial Uses

Product Identification:
Molecular Formula: C5H12
CAS: 109-66-0
Molecular Weight: 72.15 grams/mole

Physical and Chemical Properties:
Appearance                               :  Colorless liquid
Density (200C), g/cm3              : 0.623
Purity, wt%                               : 95.00 min.
Carbonyl, ppm                          : 2.0 max.
Bromine Index                          : 150 max.
Sulfur, ppm                               : 5.0 max.
Nitrogen, ppm                           : 2 max.
Suspended matter                      : none
Aromatics, ppm                         : 100 max.
Butane and lighter, wt%            : 1.0 max
Hexane and heavier, wt%         : 1.0 max

Physical and Chemical Properties may vary depending on customer’s requirement.


Normal unbranched pentane is an alkaline with five carbon atoms with the formula C5H12. Pentanes are commonly used as components of some fuels which are often employed as speciality solvents in the laboratory. Normal pentane is the most important isomer of pentane. In appearance is a colourless flammable, water-insoluble and a very volatile liquid obtained from petroleum by distillation.

In the industry pentane is used mainly as a primary blowing agent in the manufacturing of polystyrene foam. It is used because of its lower cost compared to other chemicals, low boiling point and relative safety when in use. Geothermal power stations have been using pentane in binary cycle systems wherein warm geothermal water is brought to the surface and passed through a heat exchanger containing pentane. Because of its much lower boiling point compared to water, the pentane heats up the binary fluid causing the turbines to spin. The advantage out here is that the pentane can be re-used once it condenses which is why it is pumped back into the system. Normal pentane is also used as a solvent and in varied industrial applications such as pharmaceutical, petrochemical, paints & coatings.

In terms of physical properties, pentane shows a boiling point in the range of 9 to 36 °C which is the result of its more branched isomers. Pentane isomers also burn with oxygen breaking down into carbon dioxide and water.

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Propionaldehyde And Its Uses In The Industry

Product Identification:
CAS No.: 123-38-6
IUPAC Name: Propanal
Molecular Formula: C3H6O
Molecular Weight: 58.08 gm/ mole

Physical and Chemical Properties:
Propionaldehyde, %                      : ≥ 99.7
Propionic Acid, %                         : ≤ 0.1
Water content, %                           : ≤ 0.1
Boiling Point, 0C                           : 48
Solidification point, 0C                  : -60
Density, g/cm3                               : 0.797
Flash Point, 0C                              : -30
Heat of Combustion, kJ/mol          : 1143.0
Ignition Point                                 : ≥ 190

Propionaldehyde is a colourless liquid with a fruity odour that can be slighty irritating. It is an organic compound (CH3CH2CHO) which is composed of a saturated 3-carbon aldehyde. Propionaldehyde is also an isomer of acetone which is industrially produced by the process of hydroformylation.  The hydroformylation is conducted with the combination of carbon monoxide and hydrogen along with ethylene with the help of a metal catalyst.

Propionaldehyde has been used in a condensation reaction with methanol which results in trimethylolethane which is an important intermediate for the production of alkyd resins. Condensation of propionaldehyde with tert-butylamine gives CH3CH2CH=N-t-Bu, a three-carbon building block used in organic synthesis. Deprotonation of this imine with LDA produces CH3CHLiCH=N-t-Bu, which in turn condenses with aldehydes.

Propionaldehyde in the chemical industry is used in the manufacture of plastics, in the synthesis of rubber chemicals, and as a disinfectant and preservative.

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A Brief On Triethylaluminium (TEA)

Product Identification:

CAS: 97-93-8

Molecular Formula: C6H15Al

Molecular Weight: 114.16 gm/mole

Physical and Chemical Properties:

Appearance                      : Clear, colorless liquid

Aluminum Content, %       : 23.0

Purity, %                               : 94.0

Tri-n-Propyl Aluminum,%    : 0.7

Tri-n-Butyl Aluminum, %     : 6

Tri-iso-Butyl Aluminum,%   : 1.5

Hydrides as AlH3                 : 1.0

Density (250C), kg/m3         : 835

Viscosity (250C), mPa.s       : 2.6

Triethylaluminium (TEA) is an organoaluminium compound, composed of a dimeric structure ( Al2Et6 ) which is bridged by a pair of ethyl groups and 2 five-coordinate carbon centres. In appearance TEA is a colourless volatile liquid which ignites immediately if exposed to air; which is why it is stored in stainless steel containers as a pure liquid or in the form of a solution as a hyrdrocarbon solvent such as heptanes. 

Its efficient synthesis makes triethylaluminium one of the most available organoaluminium compounds. TEA can also be generated from ethylaluminium sesquichloride (Al2Cl3Et3), which arises by treating aluminium powder with chloroethane. 

In terms of reactivity, triethylaluminium reacts violently with water to form a flammable ethane gas but at the same time has no significant reaction to commonly found materials.

Mainly used as a co-catalyst in the synthetic polymerization of HDPE and LLDPE, Triethylaluminium has been utilized in the industry as an intermediate in the production of fatty alcohols, which are later converted into detergents.  As a co-catalyst it forms an essential part of the catalyst system used as activator to accelerate the reaction which produces a polymer. Its highly pyrophoric properties make it a great pyrophoric agent which is the reason for it being used as a rocket engine ignitor. Its high pyrophoricity also makes it ideal as a fuel to be used to power rockets but only as a mixture with triethylborane.

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Diethylamine And Its Varied Uses In The Industry

Today amines are widely used in a number of different industries for multiple applications, such as production of dyes, manufacture of drugs and treatment of gas in natural gas refineries. Amines are organic compounds, which are derivatives of ammonia. Diethylamine is a secondary amine with the molecular structure CH3CH2NHCH2CH3. It is flammable and can be mixed with water and ethanol and is completely soluble in water. In appearance Diethylamine is a colorless liquid but it looks brown most of the time due to a number of impurities present in it. It has a boiling point of 55 degrees centigrade and a melting point of -50 degrees centigrade. It is unstable structure-wise and emits a strong odor similar to ammonia. Diethylamine is manufactured from bio-ethanol, which is a renewable resource.

The applications of Diethylamine are varied. Diethylamine is used in the production of pesticides. It is used in a mixture for the production of DEET which goes into the repellents that are found readily in supermarkets for general use. Diethylamine is also mixed with other chemicals to form Diethylaminoethanole, which is used mainly as a corrosion inhibitor in water treatment facilities as well as production of dyes, rubber, resins, and pharmaceuticals. Apart from the aforementioned, Diethylamine is also used in manufacture of basic chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

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Product Identification:
Synonym:  Ethanamine, N-ethyl- ; diethylamine 98%; DEN
CAS No.: 109-89-7
Molecular Weight: 73.14 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C4H11N   Structural: (C2H5)2 NH


Physical and Chemical Properties:
Appearance                                :  Clear, colorless liquid
Odor                                          :  Ammonia odor
Solubility                                    :  Completely soluble in water
Specific Gravity                          :  0.707 at 200C/ 40C
pH                                             :  Strongly alkaline
% Volatiles by volume at 200C   :  100
Boiling Point                               :  550C
Melting Point                              :  -500C
Vapor density (Air=1)                 :  2.53
Vapor Pressure (mmHg)             :  400@380C                    
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1)       :  16.9

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